پادکست آموزش زبان انگلیسی با موضوع Globalization

این پادکست مرتبط با یکی از متداول‌ترین موضوعات روز دنیا یعنی "جهانی شدن" است. گلوبالیسم یا جهانی شدن، واژه‌ای است که امروزه در همه جا بر سرزبان هاست. پدیده‌ی جهانی شدن نیز از اواخر قرن بیستم، زمینه ساز تعارض و تعاطی میان افکار جانبداران و مخالفان این پدیده و یا فرآیند گردید که با گرمی در شروع قرن 21 پی گرفته می شود. کلمه ی جهانی شدن معادل Globalization انگلیسی است و ریشه آن کلمه Globe که در فارسی دری کره معنا می دهد. Globalization باید از ریشه ی دیگر یعنی Global گرفته شده باشد که معنای جهان گیر و همه گیر را می دهد. در پادکست زیر به توضیح globalization می پردازیم. موضوع globalization یکی از لغات ضروری آیلتس است که در آزمون آیلتس مطرح می شود. شما زبان آموزان عزیز می توانید بعد از گوش دادن به این پادکست آموزش زبان انگلیسی و مطالعه لغات کلیدی در مورد این موضوع به راحتی صحبت کنید. موسسه آموزش آنلاین زبان انگلیسی المپ  علاوه بر بررسی لغات مهم، متن globalization را برای شما زبان آموزان عزیز تحلیل کرده و جملات کلیدی هر پاراگراف را برای شما عزیزان هایلایت کرده است. شما می توانید بعد از مطالعه پادکست زیر، سوالاتی که در آخر برای شما تهیه کرده ایم را با خواندن دقیق کلید واژگان و جملات کلیدی پاسخ دهید.

Globalisation is the process by which the world is becoming increasingly interconnected as a result of massively increased trade and cultural exchange. The global economy is the machine that powers globalisation. This concept has been taking place for hundred of years, but has speeded up rapidly over the last decade. The factors that influence globalisation include the following.

Communication: Technological products and services such as TV, Telephone and Internet have allowed information to travel so rapidly.

Transport: This has become cheaper and people travel more than earlier days since the development of the transport industry such as Rail Transport, Air Transport and Sea Transport. The mode of transport has become more convenient than never before with the improvement of technology since customers can arrange their travel needs staying at their home and the services are delivered to their door step. Businesses can ship products and raw materials all over the world more easily – making products and services from all over the globe available to their local customers (BBC).

Trade Liberalisation: Laws restricting trade and foreign investment have been relaxed. Several governments even offer grants and tax incentives to convince foreign companies to invest in their country .When globalisation comes into existence there are two main policies that govern the process of globalisation, which is Privatisation and Deregulation.

Privatisation is all about putting the government out of the business. Which means the free market will take control of the business which is managed by a private sector organisation. When the government is incompetent to run the economy they will let the free market to run it which will benefit the public. At this stage governments will sell their publicly owned business and assets to multinationals which are controlled and financed by public shareholders.

In a country deregulation will take several forms. Government in a country would take off the trade restrictions and easing of government regulation in business will allow the business to run more efficiently. Therefore the best business will survive the competition to give the consumers a better standard of living.

Is Globalisation a Threat or Opportunity?

Globalisation has the potential to create wealth and enhance living standards. The benefits are obvious for countries which comprised with products, skills and resources in order to take advantage of the opportunities provided by the global markets. Furthermore there are some major downsides particularly for those countries that don’t fall into to this category.

In general globalisation is recognised as having increased the gap between the rich and poor. This is largely because of the policies that drive the globalisation processes have mainly focussed on the needs of the business. Moreover this concept has significant social and political implications which have brought the threat of elimination for large section of the world’s population creating unemployment, growing wage and income disparities. This concept “globalisation” which we all concern about has also made it difficult to deal with economic policies just as prominently in corporate behaviour which is purely within a nation.

Over the past years industrialised countries which are highly paid have seen their income rise much more faster than the average developing families in third world nations are dependent on insecure such as low paid jobs and less social benefits. Trade Liberalisation of trade which reduce regulation including legal protection of workers has put on a negative impact on the lives of millions of people around the world. Several poor countries such as Sri Lanka are have been encouraged to enhance the production for exports and compelled to reduce inadequate spending on public services so that it will benefit the nation to repay their foreign depts. Consequently this has forced many people substantially in to a life of poverty and uncertainty.

Pros and Cons of Globalisation

Positive:

The utmost benefit that most of the developed countries get from globalisation is the availability of greater range of cheap goods to buy.

Globalisation opens people to be alive to other cultures and all their creativity and to the flow of thoughts and ethics.

Information and communication technologies have eased interaction among countries and peoples.

Globalization has eased international trade and commerce, facilitated foreign investment and the flow of capital.

Globalization has freed labour across boundaries.

Globalization has set new rules that are integrating global markets.

Speed of transport for goods and people, increased liquidity of capital allows investors in developed countries to invest in developing countries;

Globalization promotes economic growth. Increased flow of communications allows information to be shared between individuals and corporations around the world.

Globalization makes the nations more homogenous which promotes equality of opportunity. The process of globalization ties the world together and brings welfare and peace. Globalization promotes cultural cohesion.

Negative:

As cultures interact, some cultures are being diluted and/or destroyed at the expense of others and negative values are being spread all over the world with relative ease.

The world is now divided between the connected, who know and who have a monopoly on almost everything, and the isolated, who do not know and who practically have nothing.

Globalization has encouraged illicit trade in drugs, prostitution, pornography, human smuggling, dumping of dangerous waste and depletion of the environment by unscrupulous entrepreneurs.

Globalization has facilitated the “brain drain” in developing countries, thus reducing further their human capacity.

Globalization has set new global rules that have further marginalized poor countries and people, especially in areas of trade.

Globalization destroys local economies and small businesses.

Globalization spreads a materialistic attitude that considers consumption as a path to prosperity. An issue that opponents put forward is the greater risk of diseases which are transferred unintentionally between nations.

Key words

زبان آموزان عزیز شما می توانید بعد از گوش دادن به این پادکست آموزشی، به سوالات زیر که از خود متن گرفته شده است پاسخ دهید. 

Discussion Questions:

   • What is globalization?

   • Which factors can influence on globalization?

   • Distinguish the difference between deregulation and privatization?

   • Elaborate the advantages of transportation.

   • Do you think globalisation is a threat or an opportunity to the nations?

   • Compare social benefit in developed and third world nations.

   • What are the disadvantages of trade liberalization?

   • What is the brain drain?

   • In what ways do you think globalisation will benefit the world in the future?

   • Distinguish the disadvantages of globalization.

   • 'Globalisation makes the world more unequal.' To what extent do you agree or disagree?